Ministry of Science and Technology is formerly known as “Ministry of Science, Technology and Energy” which was established on March 24, 1979 under the Amendment Act of the Proclamation of Revolutionary Party No 216 Dated September 29, 1972 an announced in Royal Gazette Vol. 96 dated March 23, 1979.

Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment (MOSTE) had 3 main responsibilities : science and technology,environment and energy. MOSTE had its roles and objectives to formulate the national policy on 3 aspects, to implement these policies efficiently and in coordination to bring about the most socio-economic benefits and national stability.

Due to MOSTE's responsibilities on science and technology, environment and energy was not directly related in each field, the mechanism to achieve the objectives of national development was inefficient. MOSTE should restructure the administration to be 3 Ministries: Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, Ministry of Energy and Ministry of Science and Technology in order to solve the above problem.

The government has restructured the bureaucratic system in Oct ober 2002. According to the Bureaucratic Restructuring Act B.E.2545 (Section 5), Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment has changed its name to “Ministry of Science and Technology”

Ministry of Science and Technology consists of 13 organizations: 4 government agencies, 4 autonomous agencies, 2 state enterprises and 3 public organizations (see Organization Chart of MOST)

• Department of Science Service (DSS)
• Office of Atoms for Peace (OAP)
• National Institute of Metrology (Thailand)(NIMT)
• Thailand Institute of Scientific and Technological Research (TISTR)
• Geo-Informatics and Space Technology Development Agency (GISTDA)
• National Astronomical Research Institute of Thailand (NARIT)
• National Science and Technolgoy Development Agency (NSTDA)
• National Science Museum (NSM)
• National synchrotron Research Center (NSRC)
• National Innovation Agency (NIA)
• Thailand Institute of Nuclear Technology (TINT)